The Hiv Virus And Then Resources - 1318 Words

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Resources Available 3. Measures which enhance quality of life 4. Effect on beloved ones 5. Two types of support for beloved ones 6. Appendix Introduction This report includes a brief introduction on the HIV virus and then resources that are available to the individuals that have been affected by HIV. It also includes measures that can enhance the quality of life of those affected and the effects this can have on the affected individual’s beloved ones. HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus which attacks the immune system which weakens the sufferer’s ability to fight infections and diseases. The virus can be passed on by having unprotected sex, sharing infected needles and transmission from mother to baby during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding. When the person has first been infected a few weeks later they may get flu like illness which can include: †¢ Fever †¢ Sore throat, †¢ Body rash, †¢ Tiredness, †¢ Joint pain, †¢ Muscle pain †¢ Swollen glands. People can live with the virus for years and be unaware that they are infected. The only way the individuals can find out if they have HIV is to a HIV test. After this stage the suffer can go on with no symptoms for many years but will progressively cause damage to their immune system, once the immune system becomes extremely damaged their symptoms can include: †¢ Weight loss †¢ Recurring diarrhoea †¢ Nights sweats †¢ Skin problems †¢ Constant infections If the individualShow MoreRelatedHuman Immunodeficiency Virus, Also Known As Hiv, Continuous1519 Words   |  7 Pagesimmunodeficiency virus, also known as HIV, continuous to be an epidemic crisis. HIV can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated.Unlike other viruses once HIV is acquired the human body can not get rid of it. Sub Saharan Africa is currently the most affected region for HIV/AIDS, Men in the region seem to be the most affected. There is currently no cure for HIV, however there is possible treatment, as well as ways one can prevent developing the virus. HIV/AIDS continous toRead MoreCommunicable Disease934 Words   |  4 Pagesestimates that 1.1 million Americans are living with HIV and nearly one in five of those are not aware that they are infected (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an infection that slowly destroys the immune system, which makes it difficult for the body to fight off infections. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a communicable disease transmitted throughRead MoreHiv And Its Effects On Society1724 Words   |  7 PagesHIV Song Choi 76914396 Public Health 1 2016 Dr. Zuzana Bic Public Health Problem HIV, which stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, belongs to a group of virus called retroviruses. HIV attacks the immune system and gradually causes greater and harmful damages. This means that without the proper care or treatment, a person who is affected by HIV is at a higher risk of developing infections and cancers than those who have a healthy immune system. HIV is an importantRead MoreHIV and African Americans Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesThe term Human Immunodeficiency Virus is commonly known as (HIV), which is a virus that attacks the immune system of humans by destroying the amount of CD4 cells in their bodies. Without CD4 the human body is unable to fight against diseases, which can lead to Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome known as AIDS for short. The first case of the HIV/AIDS virus in the U.S. occurred in the early 1980’s. The first spark of the virus was found in San Francisco with couple of homosexual Caucasian AmericanRead MoreAids/Hiv Essay 21504 Word s   |  7 Pagesbreaks down the human immune system that starts out with the virus called HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus. AIDS makes it impossible for the people suffering with the disease to fight off simple infections and viruses that normal, healthy individuals wouldn’t be affected by. It’s not the virus that actually kills the individual, it’s the small scale outside infections, tumors, and viruses that kills the person because the AIDS virus destroys that person’s immune system, which is the only defenseRead MoreHiv Epidemiology1228 Words   |  5 PagesHIV Epidemiology HIV Epidemiology For the epidemiology paper I chose to write about HIV. HIV is growing concern in the community and too many people are uneducated about the seriousness of this disease. HIV is terminal illness; it will eventually consume your life at some point. There are treatment options out there but being compliant with the medication regimen is crucial to the maintenance and management of this disease. HIV also known as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus; with HIV the virusRead MoreAids1204 Words   |  5 Pagesimmunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is considered to be the deadliest epidemic in human history with the first case being reported in 1981. It has been estimated that more than 21 million people have died from AIDS. (Pozgar, 2012, p. 353 364) AIDS is a collection of specific, life-threatening, opportunistic infections and manifestations that are the result of an underlying immune deficiency. AIDS is caused by a highly contagious blood-borne virus as is the most severe form of the HIV infection. ThisRead MoreHiv / Aids : A Deadly Disease1474 Words   |  6 PagesName Course Tutor Date HIV/AIDS Introduction Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome, which is popularly known as AIDS is a deadly disease as it attacks and adversely destroys body’s immune system. AIDS is brought about by a virus called Human Immune-Deficiency Virus, better known as HIV. This virus is minute, even invisible to a powerful microscope and can remain in the body for years without showing any visible symptoms. AIDS is the final stage of infection of the virus. It takes a period of aboutRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1416 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been scouring the planet for over three decades. It has a powerful ability to deteriorate a human body in a small length of time. This deadly virus attacks the human body’s immune system and can only survive in the human as its host. The virus is only contracted through body fluid exchange, for example, vaginal fluid, semen, intravenous drug users, and sexual intercourse is the most common way of contracting it. The virus attacks the T cells (type of whiteRead MoreHiv / Aids And Its Effects On Society1500 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), and is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. AIDS HIV/AIDS deteriorates a person s ability to fight infections. It can be transmitted through direct contact of a mucous member or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid and breast milk and through unprotected sex and needle sharing. An HIV test checks finding. Medications may

Essay about The Behaviour of Puck in A Midsummer Nights...

The Behaviour of Puck in A Midsummer Nights Dream A Midsummer Nights Dream is a play where the line between dream and reality disappears. Its about how love is magical. The play was written around 1598 and would have been preformed in the Globe Theatre. It is a comedy, because like almost all of Shakespeares comedies it ends in marriage. In the play we get introduced to a character named Puck. He is a fairy and a loyal servant to Oberon. I have chosen Puck because he is the pivotal character in this play. I believe Puck is good and I will prove this by examining a few scenes in the play to prove is essentially a good character. Puck first appears in Act 2 Scene 1 when he runs into another†¦show more content†¦So others so far may not think very highly of him but I still believe he is a good character. In Act 3 Scene 1 we see something, which may show Pucks nasty side looming because he gives Bottom an asses head. But later Puck says: Ill follow you: Ill lead you about around So we see hes just playing a game with them leading them about around just to amuse himself, here we see him being knavish as the fairy called him before, because hes being childish and thinking about himself but then again hes keeping the audience amused, so he seems like an entertainer. Hes also doing what Oberon wants (by mistake) because Titania does wake when some vile thing is near He does it by mistake but it is his mistakes which moves the play along e.g. mistaking Lysander for Demetrius. So he manages to affect the human and fairy world. That is why I think Shakespeare chose Puck to end the play. All through the play Puck speaks in rhymed couplets as like all the fairies to make them seem magical. Puck arrives in Act 5 Scene 1 To sweep the dust behind the door This is a commonly used phrase meaning to put away your troubles and forget about them, which is very fitting with hisShow MoreRelatedShakespeare’s Use of Love Quarrels to Reach a Comedic Climax in A Midsummer Night’s Dream1668 Words   |  7 PagesAlas, love can be a great source of confusion and sorrow, but it is nevertheless probably the most powerful feeling a human being can experience. In Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Lysander says that â€Å"the course of true love never did run smooth† (Shakespeare 1.1.134), which is seen in the quarrels between the couples throughout the play. Shakespeare makes use chiefly of the fairies’ supernatural powers to settle the love conflicts and portrays the irrationality in love of the charactersRead MoreMidsummer Nights Dream Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play A Midsummer Night’s Dream utilizes the technique of multiple characters playing leading role s. The fairy character Puck stands out as a dominant and leading role in the play. Puck is the best fit for the role of the protagonist because he is mischievous and therefore, has the ability to change the outcome of the play through his schemes and actions. As the protagonist, Puck is responsible for creating the major conflict that occurs between the four lovers throughout theRead MoreEssay about Away by Michael Gow1387 Words   |  6 Pagesphysically is intrinsically linked to their mental developments. With the help of references to Shakespeare’s A Midsummer night’s Dream, Away uses Gwen and Coral to show the significant psychological changes made by the characters during holidays to the coast. Tom throughout the play acts as a catalyst for the change in other characters and is associated with Puck in A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Before the vacation, Gwen is depicted as a materialistic snob who constantly tries to pick fights and goesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares A Midsummer Night’s Dream1973 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeares A Midsummer Night’s Dream The focus of this discussion will be upon the language and performance possibilities of this extract from the Dream[1], following brief consideration of the manner in which the extract relates to the rest of the play in terms of plot development and the reflection of certain of the play’s themes. Performance aspects are considered alongside the distinctive features of the language, as it is suggested that the natureRead MoreThe Supernatural in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream1550 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Consider the presentation of the supernatural in A Midsummer Nights dream. In what way does it reveal Shakespeares moral and philosophical concerns? How does Shakespeares stagecraft (setting, Characterisation, language, verse form etc) facilitate the consideration of his concerns? and how do we as a modern audience respond to the play as a piece of theatre? The main themes of A Midsummers Night Dream are the supernaturalRead MoreSet and Costume Design for A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare1550 Words   |  7 PagesSet and Costume Design for A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare Elizabethans were extremely conscious of the parallels between human life and the natural world and I believe that the natural world, often perceived to be well-balanced and harmonious is an example to the human world as similarly it can also suffer discord and unrest. Evidently, the woods demonstrate several factors as although a place of mystery, magic and action in which the fairies feel at homeRead MoreDiscuss William Shakespeares Presentation of Order and Disorder in ‘a Midsummer Night’s Dream’2239 Words   |  9 Pagesmechanicals-as-actors, and of Puck are restrained by the sharp Athenian law and the law of the Palace Wood, by Theseus, Oberon, and their respective consorts. This tension within the world of the play is matched in its construction; in performance it can at times seem riotous and out of control, and yet the structure of the play shows a clear interest in symmetry and patterning. My intention is to examine Shakespeares concords and discords in A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Shakespeare’s use of theseRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream Essay2109 Words   |  9 Pagesof higher status, magic can allow a clown to be in the throes of passion with a woman from a different class altogether. The social function of class in A Midsummer Night’s Dream is one that normally only allows the upper class to be lovers and the lower class to be fools, but is skewed by magic and turned upside down. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream, social class plays a part in separating characters into certain roles in the story and is an indication to the audience of what degree of sincerity andRead MoreMidsummer Nights Dream Act5 Scene11160 Words   |  5 PagesMidsummer Night’s Dream: To what extent does ACT5 Scene1 present a harmonious â€Å"New World†? Act 5 Scene 1 is considered to be a harmonious â€Å"New World†, not forgetting that we have just left the â€Å"Green world† with all the mischief and fairies all around. This would make us question is the green world really gone? And is the new world really all that â€Å"Harmonious†? Act 5 Scene1 is the resolution of the entire play. At the start of It is obvious that the harmonious â€Å"New world† is present, with allRead More A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay: Love and Marriage2344 Words   |  10 PagesLove and Marriage in A Midsummer Night’s Dream  Ã‚      There is something to be said for the passionate love of young people, and Shakespeare said it in Romeo and Juliet. The belief that any action can be excused if one follows ones feelings is a sentimental notion that is not endorsed by Shakespeare. Thus, Theseus suggestion in 1.1 of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, that Hermia marry a man she does not love rather than live a barren sister all her life would seem perfectly sensible to Shakespeare’s

G topics Free Essays

G topics A Unipolar World spells disaster for underdeveloped countries like India Is Globalization Really Necessary? What shall we do about our ever-increasing population? Corruption is the price we pay for democracy Foreign television channels are destroying our culture What India needs is a dictatorship With media publishing and telecasting trivia, censorship is the need of the hour Kaun Banega Krorepati is less about knowledge but more about money and personality Beauty contests degrade womanhood The rise of regional blocs threatens independent nations like India Six billion and one ronze! Is dependence on computers a good thing? Should the public sector be privatized? China and India are similar nations with contrasting ways Is India a Soft Nation? Value based politics is the need of the hour Religion should not be mixed with politics How to deal with high oil prices Our cricketers are not to blame for match fixing Why cant we be world players in industry as we are in software? Multinational corporations: Are they devils in disguise? Should there be limits on artistic freedom (the controversy on Fire). Should there be private universities? Does banning fashion shows and New Year parties save our culture? Are Big Dams Necessary? Films are corrupting the Indian Youth A Gandhian State selling liquor is an anomaly Bride burning and dowry may look bad, but are an integral part of India Our Culture is Decaying We are not serious about saving Wildlife/Environment The education system needs serious reforms The impact of MTV on our psyche Showing Violence and Crimes should not be allowed in films and on television Let us legalize gambling Is management an art or a science? The Rush for MBA is really a rush for big money Ethics in Business are Just a passing fashion The objective of Management is to maximize profits Do professional managers have a chance in our family run businesses? The Internet Is an MBA necessary to succeed in life? Family owned business vs. professionally run businesses Smaller businesses and start-ups have more scope for professional growth Dot com or doubt com? The Wheel is Turning Round and Round If I was the Finance Minister/Prime Minister There is no right way to do a wrong thing Group Task: How can we have Mount Everest in India? Do Beauty and Brains Go Together? When I woke up in the morning I saw†¦ A ship docked in harbor cannot face the storms Up the Down Staircase Just as we have smoke free zones, we should have child free zones Marriage is a social trap India needs dictatorship or democracy Education and success -direct correlation Indian villages-our strength or weakness Budget-good or bad Role of NGOs in todays world (and India) International Women’s Day MBA necessary for successful business? Are beauty pageants Justified? Is coalition politics here to stay? India needs a dictator? Is India moving away from a secularist state? Education in India – or the lack of it What ails Indian sports? The Age of Information Is Philosophy Just an armchair theory? Success is all about human relations Borderless worlds – Dream or reality? Quality is a myth in India. We will write a custom essay sample on G topics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Education and success – Is there a correlation? We dont learn from history, we repeat it Dowe need a global policeman? Indian villages – our strength or our weakness? Agrarian Economy in India – boon or bane If there were no armies in the world†¦. Open book examination system would eliminate all the ills of present system. (Dept. of Fin. Studies, DO, March’99) Women’s empowerment will lead to social development 11M Kozhikode, March’99) Computers result in unemployment (FMS Delhi, March’99) Indians lack a sense of social responsibility (MDI Gurgaon, March’99) Are we raising a generation of burnt out children? (IIMB, Mar 97) Advertising is all glitter and little truth. (MICA, Apr ’97) Is bureaucracy a hindrance to economic reforms in India? llMCJuly ’97) Film-makers are indulging in cinematic Fortitution in the name of folk culture. (IIML, Mar’97) Under Indian parliamentary democracy it is impossible to ensure balanced regional development. (IIMC, Mar 97 ) In an over-regulated society corruption is inevitable. MICA, Apr 97) For the poorer sections of society, a state-controlled economy is better than a liberalized economy. (IIMC-PGDCM, March’97) With IT replacing mid dle level management, software Jobs are more lucrative than MBAs (S. P Jain, March’99) Do you think accent holds you back? Would you prefer everyone speaking uniformly? (XIM Bhubaneswar, March’99) Men resent women power at work place (NMIMS, March’99) Youth in India are becoming greedy by the day (MICA, March’99) MBAs should be taxed at higher rates in the country (IIMB April’99) Group Discussion topics asked in SCMHRD on 12/2/2001 IT boom in India. Large Dams are a must for India’s development. Leaders should be followers first. Should the Government ban India from playing cricket match in sharJah? Justify. Why more girls choose Human Relations Management. Advertising and ethics. IT  ¤ What does the future hold? Recommendation? Conscription should be made compulsory. Why is patriotism lacking in India? What Ails India more – corruption or Overpopulation. What should India do to preserve its IT command over the World. IIFT GD Topics on 20-02-2001 India makes nuclear bombs, but cannot make quake resistant houses. Role of money in elections Fast changes in Information Technology- excitement or agony? How to cite G topics, Papers

Civil war 7 Essay Example For Students

Civil war 7 Essay After the Civil War ended in 1865, the south was in total ruins. Houses weredestroyed, crops were gone, and lives would never be the same again. Itwouldnt be until years after the war that people would get their lives back ontrack. Whites in the south now hated the blacks and still think they areinferior. The process of rebuilding that followed the American Civil War wasknown as reconstruction. The war left a set of pressing questions concerningwith what to do with the South. These questions involved the relationshipwith the former Confederate states and the Union; the type of punishment thatshould be imposed on the ones responsible for the rebellion; the status of thefreed slaves and how to restore the Souths economy. President Lincoln,President Johnson and the Radical Republicans each had their own plans. Lincoln started thinking about reconstruction as early as 1863. Hewanted for 10 percent of the voters in each southern state to take an oath ofloyalty to the United States. After this the state could form its owngovernment. The government had to abolish slavery. After this was done thegovernment could elect congressmen and participate in national politics. Hisplan was known to be lenient; many had opposed it. Unfortunately President Lincoln did not live to carry out all of hisplans. A Democrat was elected into office and took over. The new presidentwas Andrew Johnson. His plan was as much mild as Lincolns. Johnsonwanted to restore power to the Southern states as quickly as possible. Underhis plan a majority of the voters had to pledge loyalty to the United States andthe 13th amendment had to be ratified.Southern whites quickly switchedtheir governments according to Johnsons plan and restricted the rights of thenewly freed slaves.The Radical Republicans did not see things as lightly as PresidentJohnson did. They wanted to punish the Southern aristocracy and strip themof their rights. They also were not pleased with the black codes. Theirintentions were to protect the freedmens rightsIn the north however, it was a total triumph. Their goal for slaves to befree was granted. All the former slaves moved up north to try to find jobs, butfor most of them it was disappointing to see that they cou ldnt find workbecause most of them couldnt read or write. Before the Civil War started in 1861, Americans in the east werestarting to take advantage of the lands in the western part of the country. People took their families their to start a new life. The west was inhabited byso many Native Americans. Because the Americans wanted the land so much,they killed off the Native Americans, and would later give them reservations. After the Civil War, the south was so destroyed that they didnt evenhave a government. Everyone was too busy trying to rearrange their lives. Bridges were in ruble, train tracks were unusable, and courts, judges, police,even taxes were absent. The economy was also horrible. Money had littlevalue, and even if someone wanted to sell their land, no one could buy it. Considering that slavery was totally abolished in the south, peopleslives were totally different. They didnt have it easy anymore, where theycould just have someone do all their dirty work without getting paid, so youcan keep all the profit. Some southerners were still farmers, but they had towork much more. Directly after the war, money had little to no value at all. The southerners had a big affect on present day American society. Thesoutherners back then influenced us with their farming techniques, and eventoday the south has the biggest and best farmlands in the whole country.

Assignment the Sperm and the Egg Essay Example

Assignment the Sperm and the Egg Essay Fortunately though, there Is sexual arousal, which allows a male and a female to Indulge In their desire to satisfy their sexual urges. Their mere desire to mate and create new life. Before sexual intercourse can even happen, a male and a female must catch sight of one another and either notice something desirable, or just have the need to mate. This most likely starts with a look, a touch, or a kiss and ends with the wish of longing, of being together in the most intense way two creatures can be together. Though still before intercourse, there comes this excitement between the two. This causes blood to start flowing to the lower parts of the male and females bodies. Wealth the male, this causes an erection. An erection happens when blood enters the cylinders within the penis that allow it to stand and stiffen; the scrotum that holds the testicles start to swell as well. Within the female, this causes swelling and lubrication of the vulva (including the clitoris) to begin. This causes the inner vaginal lips to become inflated with blood and the sphincters to tighten. The breasts begin to tighten, enlarge, and the nipples harden. All of this arousal causes both parties to take on a reddish flush; both also begin to breathe harder and louder (some call this panting). This Is the beginning of a male and female getting ready to engage in sexual intercourse. In this phase of coitus, the male takes his penis and slowly presses his penis into the females vagina (Rather, 2005). The males internal sexual organs are the testes, which include the tubes that hold the sperm and other organs that help with producing semen. The females internal organs, which are also part of the reproduction process, are the vagina, the cervix, the uterus, the ovaries, and the fallopian tubes. All of these organs have a specific part within sexual intercourse and reproduction. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment the Sperm and the Egg specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment the Sperm and the Egg specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment the Sperm and the Egg specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer After the males penis enters the outer walls of the vagina, it begins to thrust in and out of the vagina, creating friction and stimulation for both parties. The vulva is extremely lubricated at this point, making the movements of the penis thrusting in and out easier on both. During arousal, the males penis will drip a clear fluid prior to ejaculating. This clear fluid Is secreted from the Coopers glands and Is much clearer and thinner In substance when compared to semen, though It still contains the sperm needed to fertilize an egg In a male, which can cause pregnancy (Rather, 2005). After an undetermined amount of time from a few minutes to a few hours (depending on the person), the males penis will contract and start ejaculating. Semen; which is made up of sperm and other fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and the Coopers glands flow out from the tip of the penis (also known as the head) and enter the Internal sexual organs AT ten Tamale. I men, rater two cays time, ten Tatterdemalion process can Deign In ova after being released from the ovaries. Thus beginning the initiation of biological production by insemination in the infinitum (Rather, 2005). And this is where John and Jane come into play. John is a sperm. After being released into the internal sexual organs of the female, he becomes free. John happens to be a very strong swimmer and he knew hed have to be fast so that he could reach the egg first. Looking about his competition he knew this would be a great race and a fight to find his love. The warmth and darkness was comforting to John, but he knew he could not rest for his competition was right behind him. This was his only chance in this three- ay lifespan and he knew that if he did not reach the egg, then one of his competitors would. Luckily, John had an amazing sense of direction for being so small and he knew he would be the first to the egg. He was finding his way Just fine, though the Journey was still long and complicated, as well as crowded, leaving John little space to move forward quickly. But John was a fighter; he was not going to back down from this, even with the mass following after him. John continued to swim his way up. And though he began to feel cold, he continued to swim faster and faster. Keeping his competition close by at all times. And finally, after what seemed like days, he spotted the egg. John looked around taking note that there was no one else there, he took his chance. With every last ounce of his strength, John swam up to the egg. At this first and only glimpse, he knew he was in love. He knew that this was going to be his life mate. Introducing himself he met Jane, the egg. Slowly, John entered Jane and they became one. Thus forming a zygote that immediately began developing. But John didnt come empty-handed and neither did Jane.

Free Essays on Coli

What is E. coli O157:H7 ? E. coli O157:H7 (or simply E. coli) is just one of the hundreds of strains of the bacterium Escherichia coli. Most strains of E. coli are harmless and live in the intestines of healthy humans and animals. E. coli, however, produces a powerful toxin that can cause a severe infection. (The combination of letters and numbers in the name of the bacterium refers to the specific markers found on its surface and distinguishes it from other types of E. coli.) An estimated 10,000 to 20,000 cases of E. coli infection occur in the United States each year. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognizes E. coli as an emerging food-borne illness. How is the E. coli infection spread ? Most E. coli illness has been associated with eating undercooked, contaminated ground beef. E. coli bacteria live in the intestines of healthy cattle and, although the number of organisms required to cause disease is not known, it is suspected to be very small. Meat becomes contaminated during slaughter, and organisms can be thoroughly mixed into beef when it is ground. Contaminated beef looks and smells normal. Other ways to transmit E. coli include: Person-to-person contact in families and in child-care and other institutional-care centers can also be places where the transmission of the bacteria can occur. Bacteria present on a cow's udders, or on equipment, may get into raw milk causing the infection. Infection may occur after swimming in or drinking sewage-contaminated water. It has been confirmed that unpasteurized juices, such as apple cider, may also cause the infection. What are the symptoms of an E. coli infection? An E. coli infection can make a person very ill. The following are some of the most common symptoms associated with E. coli. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently, and some individuals may have no symptoms at all. Symptoms may include: severe bloody diarrhea o... Free Essays on Coli Free Essays on Coli What is E. coli O157:H7 ? E. coli O157:H7 (or simply E. coli) is just one of the hundreds of strains of the bacterium Escherichia coli. Most strains of E. coli are harmless and live in the intestines of healthy humans and animals. E. coli, however, produces a powerful toxin that can cause a severe infection. (The combination of letters and numbers in the name of the bacterium refers to the specific markers found on its surface and distinguishes it from other types of E. coli.) An estimated 10,000 to 20,000 cases of E. coli infection occur in the United States each year. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognizes E. coli as an emerging food-borne illness. How is the E. coli infection spread ? Most E. coli illness has been associated with eating undercooked, contaminated ground beef. E. coli bacteria live in the intestines of healthy cattle and, although the number of organisms required to cause disease is not known, it is suspected to be very small. Meat becomes contaminated during slaughter, and organisms can be thoroughly mixed into beef when it is ground. Contaminated beef looks and smells normal. Other ways to transmit E. coli include: Person-to-person contact in families and in child-care and other institutional-care centers can also be places where the transmission of the bacteria can occur. Bacteria present on a cow's udders, or on equipment, may get into raw milk causing the infection. Infection may occur after swimming in or drinking sewage-contaminated water. It has been confirmed that unpasteurized juices, such as apple cider, may also cause the infection. What are the symptoms of an E. coli infection? An E. coli infection can make a person very ill. The following are some of the most common symptoms associated with E. coli. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently, and some individuals may have no symptoms at all. Symptoms may include: severe bloody diarrhea o...

Childhood Glaucoma and the Nurse's Role Research Paper

Childhood Glaucoma and the Nurse's Role - Research Paper Example Glaucomas are majorly classified into two classes depending on the angle that the iris of the eye forms with the cornea at the anterior chamber of the eye. The two classifications are open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma. They may also be divided into primary types or secondary types. Childhood glaucoma is a very dangerous disorder due to the fact that the child may develop blindness and other eye complications if at all the condition are not corrected early. To suffer blindness at such an early age would make life difficult for the child. It may also make the life of the parents difficult as they attend to the child. Such a child requires massive care from the nurses of health institutions. The nurses also have a role of teaching the care principles to the parents or siblings of the affected child. My discussion will illustrate the disease process of glaucoma. I will then analyze the management measures directed by the nurses to aid in the recovery of the child, or to assist the chi ld lead a normal lifestyle. The disease process The optic nerve is responsible for transmission of visual images from the eye towards the brain. These contribute to perception of images by the brain. In glaucoma, components (axons) of this nerve are destroyed. They result in the death of the cells of the ganglions of the optic nerve. This in turn causes atrophy of the nerve. The result is that images are not transmitted to the brain for perception. This explains the vision loss in patches. There are many conditions causing the destruction of these neurons, however, the commonest cause is an increase in the contents of the eye. This is termed to as an increase in the intraocular pressures (IOP) of the eyes. Increased IOP may be due to obstruction of secretions of the eye or inhibition of flow. The major secretions of the eye are the aqueous humor and the vitreous humor. Physical injuries and congenital causes play a role in the obstruction of flow. The commonest congenital form of gl aucoma in children is referred to as Primary Infantile Glaucoma also referred to as congenital glaucoma. In this condition, there is hindrance to the passage of a secretion the eye referred to as aqueous humor of the infant or child. This raises the IOP with a possible damage of the optic nerve. This causes patchy blindness in the child or infant. Statistics reveal that the incidence of affecting one eye is 40% while in both of the eyes it is 60% (Merck Manual of Diagnosis, 2010). Primary infantile glaucoma may occur in infants following traumatic events or after surgery involving the ocular structures. Signs and symptoms The primary symptom in a child with infantile glaucoma is the swelling of the eye beyond its normal size. This is because of thee the IOP cause stretching of collagen fibers of the sclera of the eye. The infant or child affected experiences intolerance to bright light (photophobia) and tearing. The cornea of the eye becomes thin. It is normally about 12mm. The corn ea of the eye may also be cloudy. If the condition is not given urgent medical care, the cloudiness may progress, the optic nerve will be destroyed and patchy blindness occurs. Surgical intervention is the cardinal correction measure. Diagnosis: role of the nurse Early diagnosis of the condition is very important in children because some children have the condition without the parents